Definition

Administration refers to the formulation of policies and overall direction, while management involves executing those policies through planning, organizing, and controlling activities.

Introduction

The terms management and administration are often used interchangeably, yet they differ in focus and scope. Understanding the distinction clarifies who sets goals and who implements them.

Explanation
Basis Administration Management
Meaning Decides what to do Decides how to do it
Nature Policy-making Execution
Level Top-level Middle and lower levels
Focus Strategic goals Operational efficiency
Decision Scope Long-term Short-term
Example Board of Directors Departmental Managers
Orientation Thinking function Doing function
In practice:

In business organizations, management dominates (profit-focused).

In government/non-profits, administration dominates (policy-focused).

Modern trend: both are integrated for synergy.

Key Takeaways

Administration provides the “brain,” management the “hands.”

Modern organizations blur this line — managers often shape strategy too.

Real-World Case

Example: Indian Railways
The Ministry (Administration) formulates national transport policies; zonal managers (Management) execute daily operations — an interplay of both roles.